Sangil's blog

• 참고 사이트

https://github.com/Kotlin/kotlinx.coroutines

https://kotlinlang.org/docs/coroutines-basics.html#your-first-coroutine

Gradle Setting

implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-core:1.6.4")
runtimeOnly("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm:1.6.4")
implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-slf4j:1.6.4")

실습할 때 설정하면 좋은 것

pinrtln 정의

fun <T>println(msg: T) = kotlin.io.println("$msg [${Thread.currentThread().name}]")

jvm option 추가

-Dkotlinx.coroutines.debug

실습으로 배우자

“코틀린 공식사이트 예제 6선(https://github.com/Kotlin/kotlinx.coroutines)“

01.

import kotlinx.coroutines.*

fun main() = runBlocking { // this: CoroutineScope
    launch { // launch a new coroutine and continue
        delay(1000L) // non-blocking delay for 1 second (default time unit is ms)
        println("World!") // print after delay
    }
    println("Hello") // main coroutine continues while a previous one is delayed
}

결과

Hello [main @coroutine#1]
World! [main @coroutine#2]

“main Thread는 runBlocking을 만나고 CoroutineScope 실행한다. 이때, launch라는 코루틴을 만나고 1초간 Delay된다(어라 블락킹 되지 않네?). 이후 메인 쓰레드는 launch를 탈출하고 Hello를 찍고, 1초후 다시 중단되었던 launch로 돌아가 World를 출력한다“

02.

import kotlinx.coroutines.*

fun main() = runBlocking { // this: CoroutineScope
    launch { doWorld() }
    println("Hello")
}

// this is your first suspending function
suspend fun doWorld() {
    delay(1000L)
    println("World!")
}

결과

Hello [main @coroutine#1]
World! [main @coroutine#2]

“아.. 이제 function으로 분리를 하고 싶나보다. 이때 suspend를 사용하지 않으면 delay에서 오류가 난다. 왜일까? delay는 내부적으로 suspend fun으로 되어있고 해당 function은 코루틴 스코프 안에서만 사용 할 수 있는거 같다. 그래서 delay를 사용하려면 suspend fun으로 생성해줘야 한다. 결과는 01과 다를게 없다. 다만 함수로 분리가 되었을 뿐“

03.

fun main() = runBlocking {
    doWorld()
}

suspend fun doWorld() = coroutineScope {  // this: CoroutineScope
    launch {
        delay(1000L)
        println("World!")
    }
    println("Hello")
}

결과

Hello [main @coroutine#1]
World! [main @coroutine#2]

“이제 그냥 다 분리하고 싶나 보다. 결과는 똑같다. 메인 Thread는 runBlocking을 만나 doWorld() 라는 코루틴 스코프를 실행한다. 당연하게도 해당 스레드는 launch의 delay를 만나면 블락킹되지 않고 Hello를 출력한다.“

04.

import kotlinx.coroutines.*

// Sequentially executes doWorld followed by "Done"
fun main() = runBlocking {
    doWorld()
    println("Done")
}

// Concurrently executes both sections
suspend fun doWorld() = coroutineScope { // this: CoroutineScope
    launch {
        delay(2000L)
        println("World 2")
    }
    launch {
        delay(1000L)
        println("World 1")
    }
    println("Hello")
}

“오.. 드디어 Hello world에서 벗어났다. 이제 한번 결과 값을 예측해보고 정답을 보기로 하자 “

결과

Hello [main @coroutine#1]
World 1 [main @coroutine#3]
World 2 [main @coroutine#2]
Done [main @coroutine#1]

“메인 Thread는 runBlocking과 만나 코루틴에 진입한다. doWorld라는 suspend함수를 실행하고 launch의 delay를 만나서 해당 launch는 탈출하고 다음을 실행한다. 다음 루틴에서 delay(1000)을 만나서 또 탈출하고 Hello를 출력한다. 그리고 해당 코루틴 스코프의 남은 작업들 World1, World2를 출력하고 해당 코루틴을 탈출하여 Done이란 문자열을 출력한다.“

여기서 알 수 있는 점은 doWorld() 라는 suspend 코루틴 스코프가 끝나야 Done이라는 문자열을 출력한다는 것이다.

05.

import kotlinx.coroutines.*

fun main() = runBlocking {
    val job = launch { // launch a new coroutine and keep a reference to its Job
        delay(1000L)
        println("World!")
    }
    println("Hello")
    job.join() // wait until child coroutine completes
    println("Done") 
}

결과

Hello [main @coroutine#1]
World! [main @coroutine#2]
Done [main @coroutine#1]

“Join이란 친구가 등장 했다. 그리고 launch블락을 job이란 val에 담고 있는 모습을 볼 수 있다. 실행 결과를 보면 알 수 있듯이 job이 끝난후에 Done이라는 문자열이 출력되는 것을 볼 수 있다.“

여기서 알 수 있는 점은 join을 사용하면 해당 코루틴을 수행하는 Thread는 해당 job이 종료 될때까지 기다렸다가 다음 루틴을 수행한다는 것이다.

06

import kotlinx.coroutines.*

fun main() = runBlocking {
    repeat(100_000) { // launch a lot of coroutines
        launch {
            delay(5000L)
            print(".")
        }
    }
}

결과

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

코루틴을 자랑하기 위해 넣어놓은 예제 같다.

“코루틴은 왜? 경량 쓰레드인가요!?” 라고 구글링하면 해당 예제들이 많이 나온다.

이 때 해당 로직을 Java의 Thread를 사용하여 구현했을 때와 많이 비교하는데, 코루틴은 무려 이 작업을 1개의 Thread로 수행한다. 만약 이 작업을 Java Thread로 구현한다면. 얼마나 많은 자원이 들까? 환경에 따라 OOM이 날수도 있을거 같다.

공부하면서 궁금했던 점

delay대신 Thread.sleep이 들어가면 어떻게 될까?

bart-test-01

fun main() = runBlocking {
    count()
    println("Done")
}

suspend fun count() = coroutineScope {
    launch {
        repeat(5){i ->
            delay(1000L)
            println("Coroutine A, $i")
        }
    }

    launch {
        repeat(5){i ->
            delay(1000L)
            println("Coroutine B, $i")
        }
    }

    println("Coroutine Outer")
}

결과

Coroutine Outer [main]
Coroutine A, 0 [main]
Coroutine B, 0 [main]
Coroutine A, 1 [main]
Coroutine B, 1 [main]
Coroutine A, 2 [main]
Coroutine B, 2 [main]
Coroutine A, 3 [main]
Coroutine B, 3 [main]
Coroutine A, 4 [main]
Coroutine B, 4 [main]
Done [main]

bart-test-01을 실행하면 결과값은 위와 같다.

delay를 만나 2개의 launch루틴을 탈출하고 Coroutin Outer가 먼저 출력된다.

그리고 사이좋게 A, B가 실행 되는 것을 볼 수 있다

하지만 Thread.sleep을 사용하면 어떻게 될까?

bart-test-02

fun main() = runBlocking {
    count()
    println("Done")
}

suspend fun count() = coroutineScope {
    launch {
        repeat(5){i ->
            Thread.sleep(1000)
            println("Coroutine A, $i")
        }
    }

    launch {
        repeat(5){i ->
            Thread.sleep(1000)
            println("Coroutine B, $i")
        }
    }

    println("Coroutine Outer")
}

결과

Coroutine Outer [main]
Coroutine A, 0 [main]
Coroutine A, 1 [main]
Coroutine A, 2 [main]
Coroutine A, 3 [main]
Coroutine A, 4 [main]
Coroutine B, 0 [main]
Coroutine B, 1 [main]
Coroutine B, 2 [main]
Coroutine B, 3 [main]
Coroutine B, 4 [main]
Done [main]

메인 thread는 2개의 launch 루틴을 셋팅하고 Coroutine Outer를 먼저 출력 하는거 같다. ( 사실 첫번째 sleep에 블락킹 되어서 먼저 않나오지 않을까? 라고 생각 했는데.. )

그리고 메인 쓰레드는 루틴을 실행하며 이리저리 루틴을 뛰어 넘어 다녀야 할 녀석인데 Thread.sleep을 만나고 블락킹 되어서 A루틴에서 빠져 나가지 못하는 모습을 보여준다. 결국 A루틴이 끝이나야 B루틴을 실행하는 모습을 볼 수 있다.

결론

코루틴 스코프에서 메인 Thread가 블락되는 상황이 발생하면 성능에 좋지 못한 결과를 얻을 수 있다(예상치 못한 결과)

그리고 더 공부해야한다. 기본 샘플 6개를 봤을 뿐…